Class 9 Science Syllabus
Chapter-by-chapter topics, exercises, and linked study resources according to the 2026-27 curriculum.
Chapter 1
Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary Science
Topic
Nature of Scientific Inquiry, Observation, and Empiricism
Topic
Formulating Hypotheses and Scientific Modeling
Topic
Measurement, International System of Units (SI), and Metric Conversions
Topic
Laboratory Safety Standards, Apparatus Handling, and Error Analysis
Chapter 2
Cell: The Building Block of Life
Topic
Discovery of the Cell, Cell Theory, and Microscopy
Topic
Plasma Membrane: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Tonicity (Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic)
Topic
Cell Wall Structure and Plasmolysis
Topic
Nucleus, Chromatin Material, Chromosomes, and DNA
Topic
Cytoplasm and Membrane-Bound Organelles (Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Plastids, Vacuoles)
Topic
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Structural Comparison
Topic
Cell Division: Mitosis (Growth and Repair) vs. Meiosis (Gamete Formation)
Chapter 3
Tissues in Action
Topic
Plant Tissues: Meristematic (Apical, Lateral, Intercalary) vs. Permanent Tissues
Topic
Simple Permanent Tissues: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
Topic
Complex Permanent Tissues: Xylem Components and Phloem Components
Topic
Protective Tissues: Epidermis, Stomata, and Cork (Suberin Formation)
Topic
Animal Tissues: Epithelial, Connective (Blood, Bone, Cartilage, Areolar, Adipose), Muscular (Striated, Unstriated, Cardiac), Nervous Tissue (Neuron Structure)
Chapter 4
Describing Motion Around Us
Topic
Concept of Rest and Motion in Reference Frames
Topic
Scalar vs. Vector Quantities: Distance vs. Displacement
Topic
Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
Topic
Uniform vs. Non-Uniform Motion
Topic
Graphical Analysis: Distance-Time Graphs and Velocity-Time Graphs
Topic
Kinematic Equations of Motion Derivation (v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², v² - u² = 2as)
Topic
Uniform Circular Motion and Centripetal Acceleration
Chapter 5
Exploring Mixtures and their Separation
Topic
Pure Substances (Elements and Compounds) vs. Mixtures
Topic
Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Topic
True Solutions: Solute, Solvent, Concentration, Saturated/Unsaturated, Solubility
Topic
Suspensions and Colloidal Solutions (Tyndall Effect, Brownian Motion)
Topic
Separation Techniques: Evaporation, Centrifugation, Separating Funnel, Sublimation, Chromatography, Simple and Fractional Distillation, Crystallisation
Topic
Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Chapter 6
How Forces Affect Motion
Topic
Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces
Topic
Newton’s First Law of Motion and Inertia (Mass as a Measure of Inertia)
Topic
Linear Momentum (p = mv) and Newton’s Second Law of Motion (F = ma)
Topic
Impulse and Applications of Second Law
Topic
Newton’s Third Law of Motion (Action and Reaction)
Topic
Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum and Recoil of Gun
Chapter 7
Work, Energy and Simple Machines
Topic
Scientific Work: Definition, Conditions, Positive/Negative/Zero Work
Topic
Energy Forms and Kinetic Energy Derivation (E_k = ½mv²)
Topic
Gravitational Potential Energy Derivation (E_p = mgh)
Topic
Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy for Free-Falling Objects
Topic
Power: Rate of Doing Work (Watt) and Commercial Unit (kWh)
Topic
Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency in Simple Machines (Levers, Pulleys, Inclined Planes)
Chapter 8
Journey Inside the Atom
Topic
Historical Atomic Models: Dalton’s Postulates and Limitations
Topic
Thomson’s Cathode Ray Experiment and Plum Pudding Model
Topic
Rutherford’s Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment and Nuclear Model
Topic
Bohr’s Model of the Atom (Discrete Energy Orbits and Shells K, L, M, N)
Topic
Discovery of Neutrons (Chadwick)
Topic
Atomic Number (Z) and Mass Number (A)
Topic
Electronic Configuration and Valency Calculation
Topic
Isotopes (Protium/Deuterium/Tritium, C-12/C-14) and Isobars
Chapter 9
Atomic Foundations of Matter
Topic
Laws of Chemical Combination: Law of Conservation of Mass and Law of Constant Proportions
Topic
Atomic Symbolism, Unified Atomic Mass Unit (u), and Relative Atomic Mass
Topic
Molecules of Elements vs. Molecules of Compounds
Topic
Ions: Cations, Anions, and Polyatomic Ions
Topic
Writing Chemical Formulas via Criss-Cross Valency Method
Topic
Molecular Mass and Formula Unit Mass Calculations
Chapter 10
Sound Waves: Characteristics and Applications
Topic
Nature of Sound: Mechanical Longitudinal Waves
Topic
Compressions and Rarefactions in Elastic Media
Topic
Wave Characteristics: Wavelength (λ), Amplitude (A), Frequency (ν), Time Period (T), and Speed (v = νλ)
Topic
Factors Affecting Speed of Sound in Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Topic
Reflection of Sound, Echoes, and Reverberation Control
Topic
Audible Spectrum: Infrasound (<20 Hz) vs. Ultrasound (>20 kHz)
Topic
Industrial and Medical Applications of Ultrasound (Echocardiography, Ultrasonography, Flaw Detection)
Topic
SONAR Mechanics and Depth Measurement Calculations
Chapter 11
Reproduction: How Life Continues
Topic
Asexual Reproduction Mechanisms: Fission, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Budding, Spore Formation, Vegetative Propagation
Topic
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flower Anatomy, Pollination (Self/Cross), Fertilisation, Seed Formation
Topic
Human Reproductive Systems: Male and Female Anatomy and Gametogenesis
Topic
Menstrual Cycle Physiology and Embryonic Implantation
Topic
Reproductive Health, Contraceptive Methods (Barrier, Chemical, IUCD, Surgical), and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Chapter 12
Patterns in Life: Diversity and Classification
Topic
Taxonomic Hierarchy (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
Topic
Five-Kingdom Classification System (Whittaker): Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Topic
Plant Kingdom Division: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
Topic
Animal Kingdom Phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata (Protochordata, Vertebrata)
Topic
Vertebrate Classes: Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia
Topic
Binomial Nomenclature Rules (Linnaeus)
Chapter 13
Earth as a System: Energy, Matter and Life
Topic
Biosphere Components: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere
Topic
Role of Atmosphere in Climate Control and Winds Mechanics
Topic
Water Cycle, Rain Formation, and Ground-Water Table
Topic
Biogeochemical Cycles: Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Oxygen Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle
Topic
Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, and Ozone Layer Depletion (CFCs)
Topic