Class 10 Science Syllabus

Writing skeleton and balanced chemical equations.

Combination reactions, exothermic reactions, and thermal, electrolytic, and photolytic decomposition.

Displacement reactions, precipitation reactions, and ion exchange.

Oxidation and reduction, corrosion, rusting, rancidity, and prevention methods.

Reactions of acids and bases with metals, carbonates, and indicators.

H+ and OH- ions, pH scale, universal indicators, and everyday applications.

Preparation, properties, and uses of common salts and their compounds.

Physical properties and reactions of metals and non-metals.

Reactivity series, displacement reactions, electron transfer, and ionic compounds.

Mineral ores, extraction processes, refining, corrosion, and prevention techniques.

Covalent bonding, tetravalency, catenation, and electron-dot structures.

Homologous series, functional groups, hydrocarbons, and basic nomenclature.

Major chemical reactions of carbon compounds.

Properties and reactions of ethanol and ethanoic acid and the cleansing action of soaps and detergents.

Photosynthesis, plant nutrition, human nutrition, digestion, and absorption.

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the human respiratory system.

Circulation in humans and transport of water and food in plants.

Human excretory system, nephron function, dialysis, and plant excretory products.

Neuron structure, nerve impulses, reflex action, reflex arc, brain, and spinal cord.

Directional growth responses and tropic movements in plants.

Major plant growth regulators and their functions.

Major endocrine glands and hormonal control in humans.

Major asexual reproduction mechanisms in organisms.

Flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, and seed formation.

Human reproductive anatomy, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, and embryonic implantation.

Reproductive health, contraception, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Mendelian inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, dominance, and segregation.

Chromosomal basis of sex determination in humans.

Evolution-related supplementary reading is non-evaluative and excluded from the summative Board examination.

Reflection by concave and convex mirrors, ray diagrams, mirror formula, and magnification.

Laws of refraction, refractive index, and related optical concepts.

Refraction through convex and concave lenses, ray diagrams, lens formula, magnification, and lens power.

Structure of the human eye and the mechanism of accommodation.

Common refractive defects and their correction using suitable lenses.

Prism refraction, dispersion of white light, spectrum, and recombination.

Atmospheric refraction and scattering phenomena in everyday observations.

Electric current, potential difference, circuits, and Ohm’s law.

Resistance, resistivity, and factors affecting electrical resistance.

Equivalent resistance and current/voltage distribution in series and parallel circuits.

Heating effect, Joule's law, electrical power, and commercial electrical energy.

Magnetic fields and field patterns produced by current-carrying conductors.

Force on current-carrying conductors and Fleming's left-hand rule.

Domestic wiring, safety devices, earthing, short circuits, and overloading.

Biotic and abiotic components, producers, consumers, decomposers, food chains, and food webs.

Energy transfer between trophic levels and the ten-percent law.

Accumulation and magnification of persistent pollutants through food chains.

Ozone depletion, environmental consequences, and international protection measures.

Waste classification, environmental impacts, and responsible waste management.